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Casimiro, S. L. R., Hemingway, Janet 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-7173, Sharp, B. L. and Coleman, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-3526
(2007)
'Monitoring the operational impact of insecticide usage for malaria control on Anopheles funestus from Mozambique'. Malaria Journal, Vol 6.
Abstract
Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has again become popular for malaria control in Africa. This combined with the affirmation by WHO that DDT is appropriate for use in the absence of longer lasting insecticide formulations in some malaria endemic settings, has resulted in an increase in IRS with DDT as a major malaria vector control intervention in Africa. DDT was reintroduced into Mozambique's IRS programme in 2005 and is increasingly becoming the main insecticide used for malaria vector control in Mozambique. The selection of DDT as the insecticide of choice in Mozambique is evidence-based, taking account of the susceptibility of Anopheles funestus to all available insecticide choices, as well as operational costs of spraying.
Previously lambda cyhalothrin had replaced DDT in Mozambique in 1993. However, resistance appeared quickly to this insecticide and, in 2000, the pyrethroid was phased out and the carbamate bendiocarb introduced. Low level resistance was detected by biochemical assay to bendiocarb in 1999 in both An. funestus and Anopheles arabiensis, although this was not evident in WHO bioassays of the same population.
Methods: Sentinel sites were established and monitored for insecticide resistance using WHO bioassays. These assays were conducted on 1-3 day old F1 offspring of field collected adult caught An. funestus females to determine levels of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector population. WHO biochemical assays were carried out to determine the frequency of insecticide resistance genes within the same population.
Results: In surveys conducted between 2002 and 2006, low levels of bendiocarb resistance were detected in An. funestus, populations using WHO bioassays. This is probably due to significantly elevated levels of Acetylcholinesterase levels found in the same populations. Pyrethroid resistance was also detected in populations and linked to elevated levels of p450 monooxygenase activity. One site had shown reduction in pyrethroid resistance since the base line in 1999.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/6/1/142 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | resistance management strategies vector mosquito-control scale field trial pyrethroid insecticides south-africa culicidae diptera gambiae ddt mexico |
| Subjects: | QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 515 Anopheles QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 600 Insect control. Tick control WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 765 Prevention and control |
| Faculty: Department: | Groups (2002 - 2012) > Vector Group |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-6-142 |
| Depositing User: | Ms Julia Martin |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Sep 2010 15:03 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Aug 2017 01:02 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/1346 |
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