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Saito, Nobuo, Dimapilis, Virginia O, Fujii, Hiroshi, Suzuki, Motoi, Telan, Elizabeth Freda O, Umipig, Dorcas Valencia, Solante, Rontgene M, Dimapilis, Alexis Q, De Guzman, Ferdinand, Salva, Eumelia P, Nakayama, Fumihito, Toda, Kohei, Smith, Chris, Ariyoshi, Koya and Parry, Christopher (2021) 'Diphtheria in Metro Manila, the Philippines 2006–2017: A Clinical, Molecular, and Spatial Characterization'. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol 72, Issue 1, pp. 61-68.
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Abstract
Background
Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease that persists as a global health problem. An understanding of the pattern of disease is lacking in low- and middle-income countries such as the Philippines.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of diphtheria to an infectious disease referral hospital in Metro Manila, the Philippines, between 2006 and 2017. Cases were mapped and the distribution was compared with population density. Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from between 2015 and 2017 were examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results
We studied 267 patients (range:12−54 cases/year) admitted between 2006 and 2017. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 43.8% (95% confidence interval, 37.8−50.0%). A higher number of cases and CFR was observed among children <10 years. Mortality was associated with a delayed admission to hospital and a lack of diphtheria antitoxin. Between 2015 and 2017 there were 42 laboratory-confirmed cases. We identified 6 multilocus sequence types (STs). ST-302 was the most common (17/34, 48.6%), followed by ST67 (7/34, 20%) and ST458 (5/34, 14%). Case mapping showed a wide distribution of diphtheria patients in Metro Manila. Higher case numbers were found in densely populated areas but with no apparent clustering of ST types.
Conclusions
Our analysis indicates that diphtheria remains endemic in Metro Manila and that the infection is frequently fatal in young children. Improved vaccine coverage and a sustainable supply of diphtheria antitoxin should be prioritized.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WA Public Health > Health Problems of Special Population Groups > WA 395 Health in developing countries WA Public Health > Statistics. Surveys > WA 950 Theory or methods of medical statistics. Epidemiologic methods WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Other Bacterial Infections. Zoonotic Bacterial Infections > WC 320 Diphtheria |
| Faculty: Department: | Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa005 |
| Depositing User: | Stacy Murtagh |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Mar 2020 12:30 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Jan 2021 09:55 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/13941 |
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