Diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in non-human animal hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Liang, Song, Ponpetch, Keerati, Zhou, Yi-Biao, Guo, Jiagang, Erko, Berhanu, Stothard, Russell ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-3420, Murad, M. Hassan, Zhou, Xiao-Nong, Satrija, Fadjar, Webster, Joanne P., Remais, Justin V., Utzinger, Jürg and Garba, Amadou (2022) 'Diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in non-human animal hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis'. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Issue 5, e0010389.

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Abstract

Background: Reliable and field-applicable diagnosis of schistosome infections in non-human animals is important for surveillance, control, and verification of interruption of human schistosomiasis transmission. This study aimed to summarize uses of available diagnostic techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methodology and principal findings: We systematically searched the literature and reports comparing two or more diagnostic tests in non-human animals for schistosome infection. Out of 4,909 articles and reports screened, 19 met our inclusion criteria, four of which were considered in the meta-analysis. A total of 14 techniques (parasitologic, immunologic, and molecular) and nine types of non-human animals were involved in the studies. Notably, four studies compared parasitologic tests (miracidium hatching test (MHT), Kato-Katz (KK), the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique (DBL), and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA-SD)) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sensitivity estimates (using qPCR as the reference) were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, showing significant heterogeneity across studies and animal hosts. The pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03–0.48) with FEA-SD showing highest sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.65–1.00).

Conclusions/significance: Our findings suggest that the parasitologic technique FEA-SD and the molecular technique qPCR are the most promising techniques for schistosome diagnosis in non-human animal hosts. Future studies are needed for validation and standardization of the techniques for real-world field applications.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QX Parasitology > QX 45 Host-parasite relations WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 810 Schistosomiasis
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010389
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	30 Aug 2022 11:48
Last Modified:	14 Jun 2023 11:27
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/20430

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