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collins, s, Amirthalingam, G, Beeching, Nicholas 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-8791, Chand, M A, Godbole, G, Ramsey, M E, Fry, N k and White, JM
(2016)
'Current epidemiology of tetanus in England, 2001-2014'. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol 144, Issue 16, 3343 -3353.
Abstract
Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of tetanus, a potentially life-threatening vaccine-preventable disease. A standardized questionnaire was used to ascertain clinical and demographic details of individuals reported with clinically suspected tetanus. The 96 cases identified between 2001 and 2014 were analysed. The average annual incidence was 0·13/million (95% confidence interval 0·10–0·16) of which 50·0% were male. Where reported, 70·3% of injuries occurred in the home/garden (45/64). Overall, 40·3% (31/77) cases were in people who inject drugs (PWID), including a cluster of 22 cases during 2003–2004. Where known (n = 68), only 8·8% were age-appropriately immunized. The overall case-fatality rate was 11·0% (9/82). All tetanus-associated deaths occurred in adults aged >45 years, none of whom were fully immunized. Due to the success of the childhood immunization programme, tetanus remains a rare disease in England with the majority of cases occurring in older unimmunized or partially immunized adults. Minor injuries in the home/garden were the most commonly reported likely sources of infection, although cases in PWID increased during this period. It is essential that high routine vaccine coverage is maintained and that susceptible individuals, particularly older adults, are protected through vaccination and are offered timely post-exposure management following a tetanus-prone wound.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity > QW 806 Vaccination WA Public Health > Preventive Medicine > WA 115 Immunization WA Public Health > WA 20.5 Research (General) WB Practice of Medicine > Therapeutics > WB 330 Drug therapy WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Other Bacterial Infections. Zoonotic Bacterial Infections > WC 370 Tetanus. Trismus |
| Faculty: Department: | Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department Clinical Sciences & International Health > International Public Health Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026881600128X |
| Depositing User: | Stacy Murtagh |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Apr 2018 13:03 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2019 06:27 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/8539 |
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