Health care workers in conflict and post-conflict settings: Systematic mapping of the evidence

Bou-Karrum, Lama, El-Harakeh, Amena, Kassamany, Inas, Ismail, Hussain, El Araount, Nour, Charide, Rana, Madi, Farah, Jamali, Sarah, Martineau, Tim ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-3149, El-Jardali, Fadi and Akl, Elie A (2020) 'Health care workers in conflict and post-conflict settings: Systematic mapping of the evidence'. PLoS ONE, Vol 15, e0233757.

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Abstract

Background
Health care workers (HCWs) are essential for the delivery of health care services in conflict areas and in rebuilding health systems post-conflict.
Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically identify and map the published evidence on HCWs in conflict and post-conflict settings. Our ultimate aim is to inform researchers and funders on research gap on this subject and support relevant stakeholders by providing them with a comprehensive resource of evidence about HCWs in conflict and post-conflict settings on a global scale.
Methods
We conducted a systematic mapping of the literature. We included a wide range of study designs, addressing any type of personnel providing health services in either conflict or post-conflict settings. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the general characteristics of the included papers and built two interactive systematic maps organized by country, study design and theme.
Results
Out of 13,863 identified citations, we included a total of 474 studies: 304 on conflict settings, 149 on post-conflict settings, and 21 on both conflict and post-conflict settings. For conflict settings, the most studied counties were Iraq (15%), Syria (15%), Israel (10%), and the State of Palestine (9%). The most common types of publication were opinion pieces in conflict settings (39%), and primary studies (33%) in post-conflict settings. In addition, most of the first and corresponding authors were affiliated with countries different from the country focus of the paper. Violence against health workers was the most tackled theme of papers reporting on conflict settings, while workforce performance was the most addressed theme by papers reporting on post-conflict settings. The majority of papers in both conflict and post-conflict settings did not report funding sources (81% and 53%) or conflicts of interest of authors (73% and 62%), and around half of primary studies did not report on ethical approvals (45% and 41%).
Conclusions
This systematic mapping provides a comprehensive database of evidence about HCWs in conflict and post-conflict settings on a global scale that is often needed to inform policies and strategies on effective workforce planning and management and in reducing emigration. It can also be used to identify evidence for policy-relevant questions, knowledge gaps to direct future primary research, and knowledge clusters.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	W General Medicine. Health Professions > W 21 Medicine as a profession. W General Medicine. Health Professions > Health Services. Patients and Patient Advocacy > W 84 Health services. Delivery of health care WA Public Health > WA 20.5 Research (General)
Faculty: Department:	Clinical Sciences & International Health > International Public Health Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233757
Depositing User:	Jan Randles
Date Deposited:	09 Jun 2020 15:26
Last Modified:	09 Jun 2020 15:26
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/14703

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