Potential for Zika virus transmission by mosquitoes in temperate climates

Blagrove, Marcus S. C., Caminade, Cyril, Diggle, Peter J., Patterson, Edward I., Sherlock, Ken, Chapman, Gail E., Hesson, Jenny, Metelmann, Soeren, McCall, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-3985, Lycett, Gareth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-053X, Medlock, Jolyon, Hughes, Grant ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-7185, Torre, Alessandra della and Baylis, Matthew (2020) 'Potential for Zika virus transmission by mosquitoes in temperate climates'. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, Vol 287, Issue 1930, p. 20200119.

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Abstract

Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has almost exclusively been detected in the tropics despite the distributions of its primary vectors extending farther into temperate regions. Therefore, it is unknown whether ZIKV's range has reached a temperature-dependant limit, or if it can spread into temperate climates. Findings: Using field collected mosquitoes for biological relevance, we found that two common temperate mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus detritus, were competent for ZIKV. We orally exposed mosquitoes to ZIKV and held them at between 17 and 31°C, estimated the time required for mosquitoes to become infectious, and applied these data to a ZIKV spatial risk model. We identified a minimum temperature threshold for the transmission of ZIKV by mosquitoes between 17 and 19°C. Using these data, we generated standardized basic reproduction number R0-based risk maps and we derived estimates for the length of the transmission season for recent and future climate conditions. Conclusions: Our standardized R0-based risk maps show potential risk of ZIKV transmission beyond the current observed range in southern USA, southern China and southern European countries. Transmission risk is simulated to increase over southern and Eastern Europe, northern USA and temperate regions of Asia (northern China, southern Japan) in future climate scenarios.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QW Microbiology and Immunology > Viruses > QW 162 Insect viruses QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 510 Mosquitoes WA Public Health > Preventive Medicine > WA 110 Prevention and control of communicable diseases. Transmission of infectious diseases WC Communicable Diseases > WC 20 Research (General) WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Infectious Mononucleosis. Arbovirus Infections > WC 524 Arbovirus infections
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0119
Depositing User:	Mel Finley
Date Deposited:	09 Jul 2020 14:43
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2020 09:33
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/14971

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