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Moyo, Sabrina J, Manyahi, Joel, Blomberg, Bjørn, Tellevik, Marit Gjerde, Salim Masoud, Nahya, Aboud, Said, Manji, Karim, Roberts, Adam 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-3088, Hanevik, Kurt, Mørch, Kristine and Langeland, Nina
(2020)
'Bacteraemia, Malaria, and Case Fatality Among Children Hospitalized With Fever in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania'. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11, Issue 2118.
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Abstract
Background
Febrile illness is the commonest cause of hospitalization in children <5 years in sub-Saharan Africa, and bacterial blood stream-infections and malaria are major causes of death.
Methods
From March 2017 to July 2018, we enrolled 2226 children aged 0-5 years hospitalized due to fever in four major public hospitals of Dar es Salaam namely; Amana, Temeke and Mwananyamala Regional Hospitals and Muhimbili National Hospital. We recorded social demographic and clinical data, performed blood-culture and HIV-antibody testing. We used qPCR to quantify Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) to identify bacterial isolates. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Results
Nineteen percent of the children (426/2226) had pathogens detected from blood. Eleven percent (236/2226) of the children had bacteraemia/fungaemia and 10% (204/2063) had P. falciparum malaria. Ten children had concomitant malaria and bacteraemia. Gram-negative bacteria (64%) were more frequent than Gram-positive (32%) and fungi (4%). Over fifty percent of Gram-negative bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and multidrug resistant. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found in 11/42 (26.2%). The most severe form of clinical malaria was associated with high parasitaemia (>four million genomes/µL) of P. falciparaum in plasma. Overall, in-hospital death was 4% (89/2146) and it was higher in children with bacteraemia (8%, 18/227) than malaria (2%, 4/194, P=0.007). Risk factors for death were bacteraemia (p=0.03), unconsciousness at admission (p<0.001) and admission at a tertiary hospital (p=0.003).
Conclusions
Compared to previous studies in this region, our study showed a reduction in malaria prevalence, a decrease in in-hospital mortality and an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including ESBLs and multidrug resistance. An increase of AMR highlights the importance of continued strengthening of diagnostic capability and antimicrobial stewardship programs. We also found malaria and bacteraemia contributed equally in causing febrile illness but bacteraemia caused higher in-hospital death. The most severe form of clinical malaria was associated with P. falciparum parasitaemia.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WA Public Health > Health Problems of Special Population Groups > WA 395 Health in developing countries WB Practice of Medicine > Diagnosis > General Diagnosis > WB 152 Chills. Fever WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Bacterial Infections > WC 240 Bacteremia. Sepsis. Toxemias WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 750 Malaria WS Pediatrics > Diseases of Children and Adolescents > By System > WS 300 Hemic and lymphatic system |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.02118 |
| Depositing User: | Cathy Waldron |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Sep 2020 12:02 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Sep 2020 12:02 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/15303 |
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