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Lord, Jennifer (2021) 'Changes in Rice and Livestock Production and the Potential Emergence of Japanese Encephalitis in Africa'. Pathogens, Vol 10, Issue 3, p. 294.
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Abstract
The known distribution of Japanese encephalitis (JE) is limited to Asia and Australasia. However, autochthonous transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus was reported in Africa for the first time in 2016. Reasons for the current geographic restriction of JE, and the circumstances that may permit emergence in non-endemic areas, are not well known. Here, I assess potential changes in vector breeding habitat and livestock production in Africa using open-source data available from the Food and Agriculture Organization between 1961 and 2019. For 16 of 57 countries in Africa, there was evidence of existing, or an increase in, conditions potentially suitable for JE emergence. This comprised the area used for rice production and the predicted proportion of blood meals on pigs. Angola, where autochthonous transmission was reported, was one of these 16 countries. Studies to better quantify the role of alternative hosts, including domestic birds in transmission in endemic regions, would help to determine the potential for emergence elsewhere. In Africa, sur-veillance programs for arboviruses should not rule out the possibility of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) circulation in areas with high pig or bird density coincident with Culicine breeding habitats.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WA Public Health > Preventive Medicine > WA 110 Prevention and control of communicable diseases. Transmission of infectious diseases WA Public Health > Health Problems of Special Population Groups > WA 395 Health in developing countries WC Communicable Diseases > WC 20 Research (General) WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Other Virus Diseases > WC 542 Arbovirus encephalitis. Equine encephalomyelitis (in humans) |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030294 |
| Depositing User: | Samantha Sheldrake |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Mar 2021 11:48 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Mar 2021 11:48 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/17157 |
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