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Benedicto-Matambo, Prisca, Bines, Julie E., Malamba-Banda, Chikondi, Shawa, Isaac T., Barnes, Kayla, Kamng’ona, Arox W., Hungerford, Daniel, Jambo, Kondwani 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-2210, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Cunliffe, Nigel A., Flanagan, Katie L. and Jere, Khuzwayo C.
(2022)
'Leveraging Beneficial Off-Target Effects of Live-Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccines'. Vaccines, Vol 10, Issue 3, e418.
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Abstract
Following the introduction of live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines in many countries, a notable reduction in deaths and hospitalisations associated with diarrhoea in children 5 years of age has been reported. There is growing evidence to suggest that live-attenuated vaccines also provide protection against other infections beyond the vaccine-targeted pathogens. These so called off-target effects of vaccination have been associated with the tuberculosis vaccine Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), measles, oral polio and recently salmonella vaccines, and are thought to be mediated by modified innate and possibly adaptive immunity. Indeed, rotavirus vaccines have been reported to provide greater than expected reductions in acute gastroenteritis caused by other enteropathogens, that have mostly been attributed to herd protection and prior underestimation of rotavirus disease. Whether rotavirus vaccines also alter the immune system to reduce non targeted gastrointestinal infections has not been studied directly. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying off-target effects of vaccines and propose a mechanism by which the live-attenuated neonatal rotavirus vaccine, RV3-BB, could promote protection beyond the targeted pathogen. Finally, we consider how vaccine developers may leverage these properties to improve health outcomes in children, particularly those in low-income countries where disease burden and mortality is disproportionately high relative to developed countries.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunity by Type > QW 551 Acquired immunity. Artificial immunity QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity > QW 805 Vaccines. Antitoxins. Toxoids WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > General Virus Diseases > WC 500 Virus diseases (General or not elsewhere classified) |
| Faculty: Department: | Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030418 |
| SWORD Depositor: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Depositing User: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Date Deposited: | 26 May 2022 14:27 |
| Last Modified: | 26 May 2022 14:27 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/20092 |
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