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Adjuik, M., Agnamey, P., Babiker, A., Baptista, J., Borrmann, S., Brasseur, P., Carnevale, P., Cisse, M., Collins, R., D'Alessandro, U., Day, N., de Boom, W., Doherty, T., Dorsey, G., Garner, P., Gikunda, S., Gil, V., Greenwood, B., Guthmann, J. P., Henry, M. C., Kamya, M. R., Kremsner, P. G., Konate, E., Krishna, S., Lalloo, David 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-2200, Lange, P., Loolpapit, M., Malenga, G., Marquino, W., Marsh, Kevin, Milligan, P., Molyneux, Malcolm E, Mugittu, K., Niangue, J., Nosten, F., Ntoumi, F., Obonyo, C., Ochieng, F., Olliaro, P., Oloo, A. J., Osorio, L., Pinoges, L., Priotto, G., Rosenthal, P. J., Ruebush, T., Simpson, J., Sirima, S., Some, E., Taylor, W., terKuile, Feiko ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-5617, Tiono, A., von Seidlein, L., Watkins, B. and White, N.
(2004)
'Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis'. Lancet, Vol 363, Issue 9402, pp. 9-17.
Abstract
Background Addition of artemisinin derivatives to existing drug regimens for malaria could reduce treatment failure and transmission potential. We assessed the evidence for this hypothesis from randomised controlled trials.
Methods We undertook a meta-analysis of individual patients' data from 16 randomised trials (n=5948) that studied the effects of the addition of artesunate to standard treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We estimated odds ratios (OR) of parasitological failure at days 14 and 28 (artesunate combination compared with standard treatment) and calculated combined summary ORs across trials using standard methods.
Findings For all trials combined, parasitological failure was lower with 3 days of artesunate at day 14 (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.17-0.25, n=4504) and at day 28 (excluding new infections, 0.23, 0.19-0.28, n=2908; including re-infections, 0.30, 0.26-0.35, n=4332). Parasite clearance was significantly faster (rate ratio 1.98, 95% CI 1.85-2.12, n=3517) with artesunate. In participants with no gametocytes at baseline, artesunate reduced gametocyte count on day 7 (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.09-0.15, n=2734), with larger effects at days 14 and 28. Adding artesunate for 1 day (six trials) was associated with fewer failures by day 14 (0.61, 0.48-0.77, n=1980) and day 28 (adjusted to exclude new infections 0.68, 0.53-0.89, n=1205; unadjusted including reinfections 0.77, 0.63-0.95, n=1958). In these trials, gametocytes were reduced by day 7 (in participants with no gametocytes at baseline 0.11, 0.09-0.15, n=2734). The occurrence of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between artesunate and placebo.
Interpretation The addition of 3 days of artesunate to standard antimalarial treatments substantially reduce treatment failure, recrudescence, and gametocyte carriage.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Corporate Authors: | International Artemisinin Study Group |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | plasmodium-falciparum malaria mefloquine combination uncomplicated malaria resistance trial amodiaquine overviews mortality children International Artemisinin Study Group |
| Subjects: | QV Pharmacology > QV 38 Drug action. QV Pharmacology > Drug Standardization. Pharmacognosy. Medicinal Plants > QV 771 Standardization and evaluation of drugs QX Parasitology > Protozoa > QX 135 Plasmodia WB Practice of Medicine > Therapeutics > WB 330 Drug therapy WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 750 Malaria |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15162-8 |
| Depositing User: | Sarah Lewis-Newton |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Feb 2012 11:37 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Aug 2022 08:56 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/2190 |
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