Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in Southern and Northern Ghana

Abdulai, Anisa, Owusu-Asenso, Christopher Mfum, Akosah-Brempong, Gabriel, Mohammed, Abdul Rahim, Sraku, Isaac Kwame, Attah, Simon Kwaku, Forson, Akua Obeng, Weetman, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-1388 and Afrane, Yaw Asare (2023) 'Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in Southern and Northern Ghana'. Parasites & Vectors, Vol 16, Issue 1, e135.

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Abstract

Background:
Outbreaks of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases are becoming rampant in Africa. In Ghana, there is no organized arboviral control programme with interventions restricted to mitigate outbreaks. Insecticide application is a crucial part of outbreak responses and future preventative control measures. Thus, knowledge of the resistance status and underlying mechanisms of Aedes populations is required to ensure optimal insecticide choices. The present study assessed the insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti populations from southern Ghana (Accra, Tema and Ada Foah) and northern Ghana (Navrongo) respectively.

Methods:
Phenotypic resistance was determined with WHO susceptibility tests using Ae. aegypti collected as larvae and reared into adults. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were detected using allele-specific PCR. Synergist assays were performed with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to investigate the possible involvement of metabolic mechanisms in resistance phenotypes.

Results:
Resistance to DDT was moderate to high across sites (11.3% to 75.8%) and for the pyrethroids, deltamethrin and permethrin, moderate resistance was detected (62.5% to 88.8%). The 1534C kdr and 1016I kdr alleles were common in all sites (0.65 to 1) and may be on a trajectory toward fixation. In addition, a third kdr mutant, V410L, was detected at lower frequencies (0.03 to 0.31). Pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to deltamethrin and permethrin (P<0.001). This indicates that in addition to kdr mutants, metabolic enzymes (monooxygenases) may be involved in the resistance phenotypes observed in the Ae. aegypti populations in these sites.

Conclusion:
Insecticide resistance underpinned by multiple mechanisms in Ae. aegypti indicates the need for surveillance to assist in developing appropriate vector control strategies for arboviral disease control in Ghana.

Keywords:
insecticide resistance, target-site mutations, Aedes aegypti, Piperonyl butoxide Synergist, knockdown resistance, Ghana.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 525 Aedes WA Public Health > WA 20.5 Research (General)
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05752-x
Depositing User:	Luciene Salas Jennings
Date Deposited:	20 Apr 2023 07:48
Last Modified:	25 May 2023 14:34
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/22189

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