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Mahajan, R., Owen, Sophie 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-2357, Kumar, S., Kazmi, S., Pandey, K., Verma, N., Kumar, V., Harshana, A., Lasry, E., Moretó-Planas, L., Adams, Emily ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-2835 and Burza, S.
(2023)
'Prevalence of asymptomatic leishmania infection in people living with HIV and progression to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India'. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 130, S21.
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Abstract
Intro
People living with HIV (PLHIV) have an increased risk of developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and poor outcomes compared to HIV-negative individuals. Here, we aim to establish the prevalence and determinants of asymptomatic Leishmania infection (ALI) and the rate and risk factors for progression of ALI to VL in a cohort of PLHIV in Bihar, India.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of PLHIV ≥18 years of age with no history or current diagnosis of VL or PKDL at anti-retroviral therapy centres within VL endemic districts of Bihar. ALI was defined as a positive rK39 ELISA, rK39 RDT, and/or qPCR. Additionally, the urinary Leishmania antigen ELISA was evaluated. The ALI and non-ALI cohorts were followed up every three months for 18 months in person and by telephone, respectively. Determinants for ALI were established using logistic regression model.
Findings
A total of 1,296 PLHIV enrolled in HIV care, 694 (53.6%) of whom were female and a median age of 39 years (IQR 33–46), were included in the analysis. The baseline prevalence of ALI was 7.4% (n=96). All 96 individuals were positive by rK39 ELISA, while 0.5% (n=6) and 0.4% (n=5) were positive by qPCR and rK39 RDT, respectively. Risk factors for ALI were CD4 counts <100 (OR 3.1; 95%CI 1.2–7.6) and CD4 counts 100-199 (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-4.0) compared to CD4 counts ≥300, and a household size ≥5 (OR=1.9; 95%CI: 1.1-3.1).Within the ALI cohort, four (3.7%) participants developed VL, compared to no progression in the non-ALI cohort. Mortality rates were higher in ALI compared to non-ALI (OR =2.7; 95% CI: 1.1-6.1).
Conclusion
The prevalence of ALI in PLHIV in VL endemic villages in Bihar was relatively high. However, the progression rate from ALI to VL in PLHIV was low. Patients with low CD4 counts and larger household size were at higher risk of ALI.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Abstract from International Congress on Infectious Diseases 2022, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. November 17 - 20, 2022, 'ICID KL 2021’ Oral Session 6: Parasitology and Parasitic Infections |
| Subjects: | QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immune Responses > QW 700 Infection. Mechanisms of infection and resistance. QX Parasitology > Protozoa > QX 70 Mastigophora. (e.g., Giardia. Trichomonas. Trypanosoma. Leishmania) WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV Infections > WC 503 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV infections |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.051 |
| SWORD Depositor: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Depositing User: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Date Deposited: | 23 May 2023 08:43 |
| Last Modified: | 23 May 2023 08:43 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/22523 |
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