Evidence of intensification of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vectors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Nguiffo-Nguete, Daniel, Mugenzi, Leon M. J., Manzambi, Emile Zola, Tchouakui, Magellan, Wondji, Murielle, Tekoh, Theofelix, Watsenga, Francis, Agossa, Fiacre and Wondji, Charles ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-3673 (2023) 'Evidence of intensification of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vectors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo'. Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Issue 1, e14711.

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Abstract

Assessing patterns and evolution of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a prerequisite to design suitable control strategies. Here, we characterised resistance profile in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in Kinshasa and assess the level of aggravation by comparing to previous 2015 estimates. Both species collected in July 2021 were highly resistant to pyrethroids at 1x, 5x and 10x concentrations (mortality < 90%) and remain fully susceptible to bendiocarb and pirimiphos methyl. Compared to 2015, Partial recovery of susceptibility was observed in A. gambiae after PBO synergist assays for both permethrin and α-cypermethrin and total recovery of susceptibility was observed for deltamethrin in 2021. In addition, the efficacy of most bednets decreased significantly in 2021. Genotyping of resistance markers revealed a near fixation of the L1014-Kdr mutation (98.3%) in A. gambiae in 2021. The frequency of the 119F-GSTe2 resistant significantly increased between 2015 and 2021 (19.6% vs 33.3%; P = 0.02) in A. funestus. Transcriptomic analysis also revealed a significant increased expression (P < 0.001) of key cytochrome P450s in A. funestus notably CYP6P9a. The escalation of pyrethroid resistance observed in Anopheles populations from Kinshasa coupled with increased frequency/expression level of resistance genes highlights an urgent need to implement tools to improve malaria vector control.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 650 Insect vectors WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 750 Malaria
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41952-2
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2023 09:39
Last Modified:	15 Sep 2023 09:39
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/23128

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