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Rosu, Laura, Tomeny, Ewan 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-2389, Madan, Jason, Girma, Mamo, Nidoi, Jasper, Malaisamy, Muniyandi, Squire, Bertie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-9038 and Worrall, Eve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-3388
(2021)
'Cost of digital technologies and family-observed DOT for the 9-month injectable-containing MDR-TB regimen' in The 52nd Union World Conference on Lung Health, Virtually, 19-22 October 2021.
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Abstract
Background:
In 2017 WHO recommended the use of digital technologies, such as medication monitors and video observed treatment (VOT) for directly-observed treatment (DOT) of drug-susceptible TB, with no policy recommendations for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), which imposes considerably higher patient-costs. Given the COVID-related demand on health systems, the benefits of transitioning towards more patient-centred approaches are increasingly relevant.
Design/Methods:
A decision-tree model was developed to explore the cost-effectiveness of several DOT replacement approaches including VOT, 99DOTS and family-observed DOT. Assuming a 9-month, injectable-containing regimen (as evaluated within the STREAM trial), we constructed base-case models to reflect the standard-of-care in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda. The model used STREAM data supplemented with published studies, with sensitivity analyses conducted on key parameters.
Results:
Modelling suggested that standard-of-care is the most expensive strategy in India and Uganda, with considerable direct- and indirect-costs incurred by patients. In Ethiopia, implementing VOT and 99DOTS increased health-system costs by US$402 and US$17 respectively, but patient-costs remained lower than for standard-of-care. These higher health-system costs were largely caused by up-front technology expenditure, with 80% of Ethiopians not owning a smartphone.
Sensitivity analyses showed costs were sensitive to both loss-to-follow-up and relapse rates. However, only the VOT strategy in Uganda exceeded standard-of-care DOT costs, by US$70 per patient, when the relapse rate was equalled to the upper-bound of the confidence interval. Modelling suggested each of VOT, 99DOTS, and family-observed DOT would halve patients’ out-of-pocket costs. Taking a patient perspective, each strategy appeared highly cost-effective across all countries, even if implemented solely in continuation phase.
Conclusions:
While data on the costs and efficacy of switching MDR-TB treatment management to new technologies are lacking, our modelling suggests alternative DOT support strategies can significantly reduce patient-costs. Health-system costs however are more country-specific, depending heavily on both internet availability and smartphone penetration within the population.
| Item Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Lecture) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | W General Medicine. Health Professions > W 82 Biomedical technology (General) WF Respiratory System > Tuberculosis > WF 200 Tuberculosis (General) |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department Clinical Sciences & International Health > International Public Health Department |
| Depositing User: | Amy Carroll |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Oct 2023 11:34 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2023 11:34 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/23324 |
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