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Reid, Emma, Deb, Rinki, Ali, Asgar, Singh, Rudra, Mishra, Prabhas Kumar, Shepherd, Josephine, Singh, Anand Mohan, Bharti, Aakanksha, Singh, Chandramani, Sharma, Sadhana, Coleman, Michael 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-3526 and Weetman, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-1388
(2023)
'Molecular surveillance of insecticide resistance in Phlebotomus argentipes targeted by indoor residual spraying for visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India'. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Issue 11, e0011734.
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journal.pntd.0011734 (1).pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Molecular surveillance of resistance is an increasingly important part of vector borne disease control programmes that utilise insecticides. The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination programme in India uses indoor residual spraying (IRS) with the pyrethroid, alpha-cypermethrin to control Phlebotomus argentipes the vector of Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of VL. Prior long-term use of DDT may have selected for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutants (1014F and S) at the shared DDT and pyrethroid target site, which are common in India and can also cause pyrethroid cross-resistance. We monitored the frequency of these marker mutations over five years from 2017–2021 in sentinel sites in eight districts of north-eastern India covered by IRS. Frequencies varied markedly among the districts, though finer scale variation, among villages within districts, was limited. A pronounced and highly significant increase in resistance-associated genotypes occurred between 2017 and 2018, but with relative stability thereafter, and some reversion toward more susceptible genotypes in 2021. Analyses linked IRS with mutant frequencies suggesting an advantage to more resistant genotypes, especially when pyrethroid was under-sprayed in IRS. However, this advantage did not translate into sustained allele frequency changes over the study period, potentially because of a relatively greater net advantage under field conditions for a wild-type/mutant genotype than projected from laboratory studies and/or high costs of the most resistant genotype. Further work is required to improve calibration of each 1014 genotype with resistance, preferably using operationally relevant measures. The lack of change in resistance mechanism over the span of the study period, coupled with available bioassay data suggesting susceptibility, suggests that resistance has yet to emerge despite intensive IRS. Nevertheless, the advantage of resistance-associated genotypes with IRS and under spraying, suggest that measures to continue monitoring and improvement of spray quality are vital, and consideration of future alternatives to pyrethroids for IRS would be advisable.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Infectious Mononucleosis. Arbovirus Infections > WC 526 Phlebotomus fever WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 715 Visceral leishmaniasis |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011734 |
| SWORD Depositor: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Depositing User: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2023 10:35 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Nov 2023 13:01 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/23478 |
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