Household air pollution and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-Infected adults

Katoto, Patrick D.M.C., Bihehe, Dieudonné, Brand, Amanda, Mushi, Raymond, Kusinza, Aline, Alwood, Brian W., van Zyl-Smit, Richard N., Tamuzi, Jacques L., Sam-Agudu, Nadia A., Yotebieng, Marcel, Metcalfe, John, Theron, Grant, Godri Pollitt, Krystal J., Lesosky, Maia, Vanoirbeek, Jeroen, Mortimer, Kevin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-8871, Nawrot, Tim, Nemery, Benoit and Nachega, Jean B. (2024) 'Household air pollution and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-Infected adults'. Environmental Health, Vol 23, Issue 1, e6.

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Abstract

Background: In low- and middle-income countries countries, millions of deaths occur annually from household air pollution (HAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and HIV-infection. However, it is unknown whether HAP influences PTB risk among people living with HIV-infection.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study among 1,277 HIV-infected adults in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (February 2018 – March 2019). Cases had current or recent (<5y) PTB (positive sputum smear or Xpert MTB/RIF), controls had no PTB. Daily and lifetime HAP exposure were assessed by questionnaire and, in a random sub-sample (n=270), by 24-hour measurements of personal carbon monoxide (CO) at home. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between HAP and PTB.
Results: We recruited 435 cases and 842 controls (median age 41 years, [IQR] 33-50; 76% female). Cases were more likely to be female than male (63% vs 37%). Participants reporting cooking for >3h/day and ≥2 times/day and ≥5 days/week were more likely to have PTB (aOR 1·36; 95%CI 1·06-1·75) than those spending less time in the kitchen. Time-weighted average 24h personal CO exposure was related dose-dependently with the likelihood of having PTB, with aOR 4·64 (95%CI 1·1-20·7) for the highest quintile [12·3-76·2 ppm] compared to the lowest quintile [0·1-1·9 ppm].
Conclusion: Time spent cooking and personal CO exposure were independently associated with increased risk of PTB among people living with HIV. Considering the high burden of TB-HIV coinfection in the region, effective interventions are required to decrease HAP exposure caused by cooking with biomass among people living with HIV, especially women.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	WA Public Health > Air pollution > WA 754 Pollution and pollutants (incl. tobacco pollution; passive smoking) WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV Infections > WC 503 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV infections WF Respiratory System > Tuberculosis > WF 200 Tuberculosis (General) WF Respiratory System > Tuberculosis > WF 300 Pulmonary tuberculosis
Faculty: Department:	Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-01044-0
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	31 Jan 2024 13:12
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2024 13:12
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/23858

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