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Qu, Bingqian, Miskey, Csaba, Gömer, André, Kleinert, Robin D V, Ibanez, Sara Calvo, Eberle, Regina, Ebenig, Aileen, Postmus, Dylan, Nocke, Maximilian K, Herrmann, Maike, Itotia, Tabitha K, Herrmann, Simon T, Heinen, Natalie, Höck, Sebastian, Hastert, Florian D, von Rhein, Christine, Schürmann, Christoph, Li, Xue, van Zandbergen, Ger, Widera, Marek, Ciesek, Sandra, Schnierle, Barbara S, Tarr, Alexander W, Steinmann, Eike, Goffinet, Christine, Pfaender, Stephanie, Locker, Jacomina Krijnse, Mühlebach, Michael D, Todt, Daniel and Brown, Richard J P (2024) 'TMPRSS2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake boosts innate immune activation, enhances cytopathology, and drives convergent virus evolution.'. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol 121, Issue 23, e2407437121.
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qu-et-al-2024-tmprss2-mediated-sars-cov-2-uptake-boosts-innate-immune-activation-enhances-cytopathology-and-drives.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
The accessory protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) enhances severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uptake into ACE2-expressing cells, although how increased entry impacts downstream viral and host processes remains unclear. To investigate this in more detail, we performed infection assays in engineered cells promoting ACE2-mediated entry with and without TMPRSS2 coexpression. Electron microscopy and inhibitor experiments indicated TMPRSS2-mediated cell entry was associated with increased virion internalization into endosomes, and partially dependent upon clathrin-mediated endocytosis. TMPRSS2 increased panvariant uptake efficiency and enhanced early rates of virus replication, transcription, and secretion, with variant-specific profiles observed. On the host side, transcriptional profiling confirmed the magnitude of infection-induced antiviral and proinflammatory responses were linked to uptake efficiency, with TMPRSS2-assisted entry boosting early antiviral responses. In addition, TMPRSS2-enhanced infections increased rates of cytopathology, apoptosis, and necrosis and modulated virus secretion kinetics in a variant-specific manner. On the virus side, convergent signatures of cell-uptake-dependent innate immune induction were recorded in viral genomes, manifesting as switches in dominant coupled Nsp3 residues whose frequencies were correlated to the magnitude of the cellular response to infection. Experimentally, we demonstrated that selected Nsp3 mutations conferred enhanced interferon antagonism. More broadly, we show that TMPRSS2 orthologues from evolutionarily diverse mammals facilitate panvariant enhancement of cell uptake. In summary, our study uncovers previously unreported associations, linking cell entry efficiency to innate immune activation kinetics, cell death rates, virus secretion dynamics, and convergent selection of viral mutations. These data expand our understanding of TMPRSS2's role in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and confirm its broader significance in zoonotic reservoirs and animal models.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunity by Type > QW 541 Natural immunity. Immunogenetics WC Communicable Diseases > WC 20 Research (General) WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Respirovirus Infections > WC 506 COVID-19 |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2407437121 |
| SWORD Depositor: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Depositing User: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Jun 2024 11:34 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2024 11:34 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/24747 |
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