Parallel Evolution in Mosquito Vectors—A Duplicated Esterase Locus is Associated With Resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae

Nagi, Sanjay, Lucas, Eric ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3892-1668, Egyir-Yawson, Alexander, Essandoh, John, Dadzie, Samuel, Chabi, Joseph, Djogbénou, Luc S, Medjigbodo, Adandé A, Edi, Constant V, Ketoh, Guillaume K, Koudou, Benjamin G, Ashraf, Faisal, Clarkson, Chris S, Miles, Alistair, Weetman, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-1388 and Donnelly, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-1497 (2024) 'Parallel Evolution in Mosquito Vectors—A Duplicated Esterase Locus is Associated With Resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae'. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 41, Issue 7, msae140.

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Abstract

The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern to malaria control programmes. The organophosphate, pirimiphos-methyl, is a relatively new chemical in the vector control armoury but is now widely used in indoor residual spray campaigns. Whilst generally effective, phenotypic resistance has developed in some areas in malaria vectors. Here, we used a population genomic approach to identify novel mechanisms of resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae s.l mosquitoes. In multiple populations, we found large and repeated signals of selection at a locus containing a cluster of detoxification enzymes, some of whose orthologs are known to confer resistance to organophosphates in Culex pipiens. Close examination revealed a pair of alpha-esterases, Coeae1f and Coeae2f, and a complex and diverse pattern of haplotypes under selection in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis. As in Cx. pipiens, copy number variants have arisen at this locus. We used diplotype clustering to examine whether these signals arise from parallel evolution or adaptive introgression. Using whole-genome sequenced phenotyped samples, we found that in West Africa, a copy number variant in Anopheles gambiae is associated with resistance to pirimiphos-methyl. Overall, we demonstrate a striking example of contemporary parallel evolution which has important implications for malaria control programmes.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QX Parasitology > QX 20 Research (General) QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 510 Mosquitoes QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 515 Anopheles QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 650 Insect vectors
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae140
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	25 Jul 2024 13:01
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2024 13:40
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/24956

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