Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

Ashine, Temesgen, Ebstie, Yehenew Asmamaw, Ibrahim, Rayyan, Epstein, Adrienne, Bradley, John, Nouredayem, Mujahid, Michael, Mikiyas G., Sidiahmed, Amani, Negash, Nigatu, Kochora, Abena, Sulieman, Jihad Eltaher, Reynolds, Alison, Alemayehu, Eba, Zemene, Endalew, Eyasu, Adane, Dagne, Alemayehu, Hailemeskel, Elifaged, Jaiteh, Fatou, Geleta, Dereje, Lejore, Ephrem, Weetman, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-1388, Hussien, Ahmed Mahmoud, Saad, Fadwa, Assefa, Gudissa, Solomon, Hiwot, Bashir, Abdelgadir, Massebo, Fekadu, Peeters, Koen, Yewhalaw, Delenasaw, Kafy, Hmooda Toto, Donnelly, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-1497, Gadisa, Endalamaw, Malik, Elfatih M. and Wilson, Anne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-353X (2024) 'Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol'. PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Issue 9.

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Abstract

Background
Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.

Methods
Case-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.

Conclusions
Findings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 750 Malaria
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	20 Sep 2024 12:35
Last Modified:	20 Sep 2024 12:35
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/25260

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