Longevity of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in adults vaccinated with an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine

Mvula, Memory, Mtonga, Fatima, Mandolo, Jonathan, Jowati, Chisomo, Kalirani, Alice, Chigamba, Precious, Lisimba, Edwin, Mitole, Ndaona, Chibwana, Marah G. and Jambo, Kondwani ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-2210 (2024) 'Longevity of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in adults vaccinated with an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine'. BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 24, Issue 1, e959.

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Abstract

Background: Hybrid immunity provides better protection against COVID-19 than vaccination or prior natural infection alone. It induces high magnitude and broadly cross-reactive neutralising anti-Spike IgG antibodies. However, it is not clear how long these potent antibodies last, especially in the context of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study and enrolled 20 adults who had received an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine before a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We followed up the study participants for 390 days post the initial breakthrough infection. We assessed the longevity and cross-reactive breadth of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron.
Results: The binding anti-Spike IgG antibodies remained within the reported putative levels for at least 360 days and were cross-neutralising against Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. During the follow up period, a median of one SARS-CoV-2 re-infection event was observed across the cohort, but none resulted in severe COVID-19. Moreover, the re-exposure events were associated with augmented anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgG antibody titres.
Conclusions: This study confirms that hybrid immunity provides durable broadly cross-reactive antibody immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern for at least a year (360 days), and that it is further augment by SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunity by Type > QW 551 Acquired immunity. Artificial immunity QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity > QW 806 Vaccination WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Respirovirus Infections > WC 506 COVID-19
Faculty: Department:	Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09891-z
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	02 Oct 2024 14:19
Last Modified:	02 Oct 2024 14:19
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/25328

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