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Figueiredo, Camila Alexandrina, Amorim, Leila D., Alcantara-Neves, Neuza M., Matos, Sheila M.A., Cooper, Philip, Rodrigues, Laura C. and Barreto, Mauricio L. (2013) 'Environmental conditions, immunologic phenotypes, atopy, and asthma: New evidence of how the hygiene hypothesis operates in Latin America'. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol 131, Issue 4, pp. 1064-1068.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Background
It has been proposed that improved hygiene and reduced experience of infections in childhood influences the development of allergic diseases. The mechanisms by which the hygiene operates are not well established but are underpinned by two apparently incompatible immunologic paradigms, the balance of TH1 versus TH2 cytokines and IL-10–mediated regulation of TH2 cytokines.
Objective
This study defined immunologic phenotypes with the use of latent class analysis and investigated their associations with environmental factors, markers of allergy and asthma, in a Latin American population.
Methods
We studied 1127 children living in urban Brazil. Data on wheeze and environmental exposures were collected with standardized questionnaires. Atopy was measured by specific IgE in serum and skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens. Cytokines were measured in culture after the stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes with mitogen. Infections with pathogens were assessed by serology and stool examinations. Children were classified as having high or low burden of infection. Latent class analysis was used to identify immune phenotypes on the basis of cytokine production. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the adjusted effects of environment and burden of infection on the immunologic phenotypes and the effect of the phenotypes on atopy and asthma.
Results
Three phenotypes were identified, labeled underresponsive, intermediate, and responsive. Children of more educated mothers, living in improved environmental conditions, and with a low burden of infection were significantly more likely to have the responsive phenotype. The responsive phenotype was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of atopy but not asthma.
Conclusion
Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms by which the hygiene hypothesis operates in urban Latin America.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QU Biochemistry > Genetics > QU 500 Genetic phenomena QW Microbiology and Immunology > Reference Works. General Immunology > QW 520 Research (General) WA Public Health > WA 30 Socioeconomic factors in public health (General) WD Disorders of Systemic, Metabolic or Environmental Origin, etc > Disorders and Injuries of Environmental Origin > WD 600 General works WF Respiratory System > WF 140 Diseases of the respiratory system (General) |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.016 |
| Depositing User: | Lynn Roberts-Maloney |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2015 10:13 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Feb 2018 13:09 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/4928 |
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