Molecular adaptations for sensing and securing prey and insight into amniote genome diversity from the garter snake genome.

Perry, Blair W, Card, Daren C, McGlothlin, Joel W, Pasquesi, Giulia I M, Adams, Richard H, Schield, Drew R, Hales, Nicole R, Corbin, Andrew B, Demuth, Jeffery P, Hoffmann, Federico G, Vandewege, Michael W, Schott, Ryan K, Bhattacharyya, Nihar, Chang, Belinda S W, Casewell, Nicholas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-4719, Whiteley, Gareth, Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo, Mackessy, Stephen P, Storey, Kenneth B, Biggar, Kyle K, Passow, Courtney N, Kuo, Chih-Horng, McGaugh, Suzanne E, Bronikowski, Anne M, de Koning, Jason, Edwards, Scott V, Pfrender, Michael E, Minx, Patrick, Brodie, Edmund D, Brodie, Edmund D, Warren, Wesley C and Castoe, Todd A (2018) 'Molecular adaptations for sensing and securing prey and insight into amniote genome diversity from the garter snake genome.'. Genome Biology and Evolution, Vol 10, Issue 8, pp. 2110-2129.

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Abstract

Colubridae represents the most phenotypically diverse and speciose family of snakes, yet no well-assembled and annotated genome exists for this lineage. Here we report and analyze the genome of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, a colubrid snake that is an important model species for research in evolutionary biology, physiology, genomics, behavior and the evolution of toxin resistance. Using the garter snake genome, we show how snakes have evolved numerous adaptations for sensing and securing prey, and identify features of snake genome structure that provide insight into the evolution of amniote genomes. Analyses of the garter snake and other squamate reptile genomes highlight shifts in repeat element abundance and expansion within snakes, uncover evidence of genes under positive selection, and provide revised neutral substitution rate estimates for squamates. Our identification of Z and W sex chromosome-specific scaffolds provides evidence for multiple origins of sex chromosome systems in snakes and demonstrates the value of this genome for studying sex chromosome evolution. Analysis of gene duplication and loss in visual and olfactory gene families supports a dim-light ancestral condition in snakes and indicates that olfactory receptor repertoires underwent an expansion early in snake evolution. Additionally, we provide some of the first links between secreted venom proteins, the genes that encode them, and their evolutionary origins in a rear-fanged colubrid snake, together with new genomic insight into the coevolutionary arms race between garter snakes and highly toxic newt prey that led to toxin resistance in garter snakes.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QU Biochemistry > Genetics > QU 470 Genetic structures WD Disorders of Systemic, Metabolic or Environmental Origin, etc > Animal Poisons > WD 410 Reptiles
Faculty: Department:	Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy157
Depositing User:	Stacy Murtagh
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2018 15:06
Last Modified:	31 Aug 2018 12:18
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/9000

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