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Sub-national prevalence survey of tuberculosis in rural communities of Ethiopia

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Datiko, Daniel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-3069, Guracha, Ermias Amsalu, Elias, Michael, Asnake, Girum, Demisse, Meaza, Theobald, Sally ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-211X, Tulloch, Olivia, Yassin, Mohammed A and Cuevas, Luis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-0587 (2019) 'Sub-national prevalence survey of tuberculosis in rural communities of Ethiopia'. BMC Public Health, Vol 19, p. 295.

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Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis is a major public health problem with varying prevalence in different settings. National prevalence surveys provide evidence for planning and decision making. However, they lack the capacity to estimate subnational magnitude that affected the capacity to make selected intervention based on the prevalence. Ethiopia is among high TB burden countries with estimated prevalence of 108 per 100,000 population varying by regions. We aimed to study sub national prevalence of smear-positive TB in rural communities of southern Ethiopia.
Methods
This cross-sectional study, enrolled community members aged over 14 years who had cough of at least two weeks duration. Two sputum samples were collected and examined by using smear microscopy.
Results
38,304 eligible people were enumerated (10,779 from Hadiya, 10,059 from Gurage and 17,466 from Sidama) and indentified 960 presumptive cases. 16, 14 and 14 smear-positive pulmonary TB cases were identified respectively. The point prevalence of smear-positive TB were 148 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 91–241) in Hadiya, 139 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 83–234) in Gurage and 80/100,000 population (95%CI: 48–135) in Sidama zone. Gurage zone had the highest prevalent to notified cases of seven to one.
Conclusions
The prevalence of smear positive TB varies by districts and is high in rural southern Ethiopia compared to the estimated national prevalence. More TB patients remain missed and unreached, impacting negatively on health outcomes. TB case finding approaches should be revisited and innovative approaches and tools to identify missing people with TB should be scaled up.

Item Type:

Article

Subjects:

WA Public Health > Health Problems of Special Population Groups > WA 395 Health in developing countries
WB Practice of Medicine > WB 102 Clinical medicine
WF Respiratory System > WF 140 Diseases of the respiratory system (General)
WF Respiratory System > Tuberculosis > WF 200 Tuberculosis (General)

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