Invasive Non-typhoid Salmonellae Establish Systemic Intracellular Infection in HIV-Infected Adults: An Emerging Disease Pathogenesis

Gordon, Melita A, Kankwatira, Anstead M K, Mwafulirwa, Gershom, Walsh, Amanda L., Hopkins, Mark J, Parry, Christopher M, Faragher, Brian, Zijlstra, Eduard E, Heyderman, Robert and Molyneux, Malcolm E (2010) 'Invasive Non-typhoid Salmonellae Establish Systemic Intracellular Infection in HIV-Infected Adults: An Emerging Disease Pathogenesis'. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol 50, Issue 7, pp. 953-962.

Full text not available from this repository.

Abstract

Background. Salmonellae are facultative intracellular pathogens. Non-typhoid salmonellae (NTS) cause selflimiting
mucosal disease in immunocompetent adults but invasive, recurrent disease among human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)–infected adults in Africa. The importance of intracellular NTS infection in HIV is unknown.
Methods. We performed quantitative pour-plate culture of blood samples obtained during febrile events among
495 Malawian adults on 871 occasions, and NTS were isolated at 158 events. Ninety-eight percent were HIV
infected, with a median CD4 count of 67 cells/mL. Lysis of pour plates and gentamicin exclusion testing were used
to investigate the presence of intracellular NTS in blood and bone marrow.
Results. Total viable NTS counts in blood were low (1 colony-forming unit [CFU]/mL) but correlated independently
with lower CD4 count and with IL-10 and IL-6 levels, especially at recurrence, suggesting failure to
clear intracellular infection. Viable NTS load in blood and bone marrow were closely correlated at index events,
but NTS were significantly concentrated in bone marrow, compared with blood samples, at recurrences (6 vs 1
CFU/mL), suggesting systemic tissue replication. Both lysis-pour-plating and gentamicin exclusion testing demonstrated
intracellular infection with 11 CFU/cell in both blood and bone marrow specimens. Intracellular bacteria
were demonstrated in bone marrow at both index and recurrent events, showing that this is an early and enduring
feature of pathogenesis, but intracellular NTS were detected in blood only at index events, particularly in patients
with a CD4 count !50 cells/mL. Intravascular NTS at recurrence may therefore reflect extracellular “overspill” from
an intracellular sanctuary site, following failure of immunological control.
Conclusions. Invasive NTS have established a new and emerging pathogenesis in the context of HIV infection in Africa.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV Infections > WC 503 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV infections WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Enteric Infections > WC 269 Salmonella infections
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1086/651080
Depositing User:	Users 43 not found.
Date Deposited:	14 Jul 2010 11:10
Last Modified:	17 Aug 2022 08:56
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/1064

Statistics

View details

Actions (login required)

Edit Item