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Hales, Caz, Jochems, Simon P, Robinson, Rachel, SolorzanoGonzalez, Carl, Carniel, Biatriz, Pojar, Sherin 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-3279, Reiné, Jesús, German, Esther, Nikolaou, Elissavet, Mitsi, Elena, Hyder-Wright, Angela, Hill, Helen, Adler, Hugh ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-2298, Connor, Victoria, Zaidi, Seher, Lowe, Catherine, Fan, Xiaojing, Wang, Duolao ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-2464, Gordon, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-1116, Rylance, Jamie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-3611 and Ferreira, Daniela ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0902
(2020)
'Symptoms associated with influenza vaccination and experimental
human pneumococcal colonisation of the nasopharynx'. Vaccine, Vol 38, Issue 10, pp. 2298-2306.
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hales published.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background
Nasopharyngeal colonisation by S. pneumoniae is a prerequisite for invasive pneumococcal infections. Influenza co-infection leads to increased susceptibility to secondary pneumonia and mortality during influenza epidemics. Increased bacterial load and impaired immune responses to pneumococcus caused by influenza play a role in this increased susceptibility. Using an Experimental Human Challenge Model and influenza vaccines, we examined symptoms experienced by healthy adults during nasal co-infection with S. pneumoniae and live attenuated influenza virus.
Methods
Randomised, blinded administration of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) or Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV) either preceded bacterial inoculation or followed it, separated by a 3-day interval. The presence and density of S. pneumoniae was determined from nasal washes. Participants completed a symptom questionnaire from the first intervention until 6 days post second intervention.
Results
The timing and type of influenza vaccination and presence of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx significantly affected symptom reporting. In the study where influenza vaccination preceded bacterial inoculation: nasal symptoms were less common in the LAIV group than the TIV group (OR 0.57, p < 0.01); with colonisation status only affecting the TIV group where more symptoms were reported by colonised participants compared to non-colonised participants following inoculation (n = 12/23 [52.17%] vs n = 13/38 [34.21%], respectively; p < 0.05). In the study where influenza vaccination followed bacterial inoculation: no difference was seen in the symptoms reported between the LAIV and TIV groups following inoculation and subsequent vaccination; and symptoms were unaffected by colonisation status.
Conclusion
Symptoms experienced during live viral vaccination and bacterial co-infection in the nasopharynx are directly affected by the precedence of the pathogen acquisition. Symptoms were directly affected by nasal pneumococcal colonisation but only when TIV was given prior to bacterial exposure.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity > QW 806 Vaccination WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Bacterial Infections > WC 202 Pneumonia (General or not elsewhere classified) WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Respirovirus Infections > WC 515 Human influenza WV Otolaryngology > Pharyngeal Region > WV 400 General works |
| Faculty: Department: | Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.070 |
| Depositing User: | Catherine Molloy |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2020 16:51 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Mar 2020 16:19 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/13723 |
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