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Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing uropathogens in children in Bhaktapur, Nepal

Raya, Ganendra Bhakta, Dhoubhadel, Bhim Gopal, Shrestha, Dhruba, Raya, Sunayana, Laghu, Ujjwal, Shah, Ashok, Raya, Bijendra Bhakta, Kafle, Rita, Parry, Christopher and Ariyoshi, Koya (2020) 'Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing uropathogens in children in Bhaktapur, Nepal'. Tropical Medicine and Health, Vol 48, Issue 1.

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Abstract

Background
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens has complicated the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI). Paediatric UTI is a common illness, which if not treated properly, may lead to acute and long-term complications, such as renal abscess, septicaemia, and renal scarring. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR and ESBL-producing uropathogens among children.

Methods
During the study period (April 2017–April 2018), midstream urine samples were collected following aseptic procedures from children < 16 years in Siddhi Memorial Hospital. Standard culture and biochemical tests were performed to identify uropathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. ESBL-producing uropathogens were screened by ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) discs, and confirmed by the combination disc tests: ceftazidime + clavulanic acid (30/10 μg) or cefotaxime + clavulanic acid (30/10 μg) as recommended by CLSI.

Results
We processed 5545 non-repeated urine samples from the children with symptoms of UTI. A significant growth of uropathogens was observed in 203 samples (3.7%). The median age of the children was 24 months (interquartile range (IQR), 12–53 months). Escherichia coli (n = 158, 77.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 30, 14.8%) were common among the uropathogens. Among them, 80.3% were resistant to amoxycillin and 51.2% were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Most of them were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, and ofloxacin. MDR was detected in 34.5% (n = 70/203) and ESBL producers in 24.6% (n = 50/203) of them. The proportion of MDR isolates was higher in children < 5 years (n = 59/153, 38.6%) than children ≥ 5 years (n = 11/50, 22%) (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, and amikacin can be used for the empirical treatment for UTI in children in Bhaktapur, Nepal. MDR and ESBL-producing uropathogens are prevalent; this warrants a continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: QW Microbiology and Immunology > QW 45 Microbial drug resistance. General or not elsewhere classified.
WA Public Health > Health Problems of Special Population Groups > WA 395 Health in developing countries
WJ Urogenital System > WJ 100 General works
WS Pediatrics > WS 100 General works
WS Pediatrics > Diseases of Children and Adolescents > By System > WS 320 Urogenital system
Faculty: Department: Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-020-00251-6
Depositing User: Stacy Murtagh
Date Deposited: 11 Aug 2020 11:44
Last Modified: 11 Aug 2020 11:44
URI: https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/15288

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