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Rajoli, Rajith K.R., Pertinez, Henry, Arshad, Usman, Box, Helen, Tatham, Lee, Curley, Paul, Neary, Megan, Sharp, Joanne, Liptrott, Neill J., Valentijn, Anthony, David, Christopher, Rannard, Steven P., Aljayyoussi, Ghaith, Pennington, Shaun 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-6275, Hill, Andrew, Boffito, Marta, Ward, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-3192, Khoo, Saye, Bray, Patrick G., O'Neill, Paul M., Hong, W. David, Biagini, Giancarlo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-6595 and Owen, Andrew
(2021)
'Dose Prediction for Repurposing Nitazoxanide in SARS‐CoV‐2 Treatment or Chemoprophylaxis'. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol 87, Issue 4, pp. 2078-2088.
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bcp.14619.pdf - Accepted Version Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been declared a global pandemic and urgent treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Nitazoxanide, an anthelmintic drug has been shown to exhibit in vitro activity against SARS‐CoV‐2. The present study used physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to inform optimal doses of nitazoxanide capable of maintaining plasma and lung tizoxanide exposures above the reported SARS‐CoV‐2 EC90.
Methods
A whole‐body PBPK model was validated against available pharmacokinetic data for healthy individuals receiving single and multiple doses between 500–4000 mg with and without food. The validated model was used to predict doses expected to maintain tizoxanide plasma and lung concentrations above the EC90 in >90% of the simulated population. PopDes was used to estimate an optimal sparse sampling strategy for future clinical trials.
Results
The PBPK model was successfully validated against the reported human pharmacokinetics. The model predicted optimal doses of 1200 mg QID, 1600 mg TID, 2900 mg BID in the fasted state and 700 mg QID, 900 mg TID and 1400 mg BID when given with food. For BID regimens an optimal sparse sampling strategy of 0.25, 1, 3 and 12h post dose was estimated.
Conclusion
The PBPK model predicted tizoxanide concentrations within doses of nitazoxanide already given to humans previously. The reported dosing strategies provide a rational basis for design of clinical trials with nitazoxanide for the treatment or prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. A concordant higher dose of nitazoxanide is now planned for investigation in the seamless phase I/IIa AGILE trial (www.agiletrial.net).
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QV Pharmacology > Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Antineoplastic Agents > QV 253 Anthelmintics QV Pharmacology > Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Antineoplastic Agents > QV 254 Antiprotozoal agents (General) QV Pharmacology > QV 38 Drug action. WA Public Health > WA 105 Epidemiology WC Communicable Diseases > Virus Diseases > Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Respirovirus Infections > WC 505 Viral respiratory tract infections WF Respiratory System > Lungs > WF 600 Lungs |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14619 |
| Depositing User: | Stacy Murtagh |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Oct 2020 09:42 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 01:02 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/15903 |
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