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Carey, Megan E, Dyson, Zoe A, Ingle, Danielle J, Amir, Afreenish, Aworh, Mabel K, Chattaway, Marie Anne, Chew, Ka Lip, Crump, John A, Feasey, Nicholas 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-1405, Howden, Benjamin P, Keddy, Karen H, Maes, Mailis, Parry, Christopher, Van Puyvelde, Sandra, Webb, Hattie E, Afolayan, Ayorinde Oluwatobiloba, Alexander, Anna P, Anandan, Shalini, Andrews, Jason R, Ashton, Philip M, Basnyat, Buddha, Bavdekar, Ashish, Bogoch, Isaac I, Clemens, John D, da Silva, Kesia Esther, De, Anuradha, de Ligt, Joep, Diaz Guevara, Paula Lucia, Dolecek, Christiane, Dutta, Shanta, Ehlers, Marthie M, Francois Watkins, Louise, Garrett, Denise O, Godbole, Gauri, Gordon, Melita A, Greenhill, Andrew R, Griffin, Chelsey, Gupta, Madhu, Hendriksen, Rene S, Heyderman, Robert S, Hooda, Yogesh, Hormazabal, Juan Carlos, Ikhimiukor, Odion O, Iqbal, Junaid, Jacob, Jobin John, Jenkins, Claire, Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah, John, Jacob, Kang, Gagandeep, Kanteh, Abdoulie, Kapil, Arti, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kariuki, Samuel, Kingsley, Robert A, Koshy, Roshine Mary, Lauer, AC, Levine, Myron M, Lingegowda, Ravikumar Kadahalli, Luby, Stephen P, Mackenzie, Grant Austin, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Msefula, Chisomo, Mutreja, Ankur, Nagaraj, Geetha, Nagaraj, Savitha, Nair, Satheesh, Naseri, Take K, Nimarota-Brown, Susana, Njamkepo, Elisabeth, Okeke, Iruka N, Perumal, Sulochana Putli Bai, Pollard, Andrew J, Pragasam, Agila Kumari, Qadri, Firdausi, Qamar, Farah N, Rahman, Sadia Isfat Ara, Rambocus, Savitra Devi, Rasko, David A, Ray, Pallab, Robins-Browne, Roy, Rongsen-Chandola, Temsunaro, Rutanga, Jean Pierre, Saha, Samir K, Saha, Senjuti, Saigal, Karnika, Sajib, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Seidman, Jessica C, Shakya, Jivan, Shamanna, Varun, Shastri, Jayanthi, Shrestha, Rajeev, Sia, Sonia, Sikorski, Michael J, Singh, Ashita, Smith, Anthony M, Tagg, Kaitlin A, Tamrakar, Dipesh, Tanmoy, Arif Mohammed, Thomas, Maria, Thomas, Mathew S, Thomsen, Robert, Thomson, Nicholas R, Tupua, Siaosi, Vaidya, Krista, Valcanis, Mary, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Weill, François-Xavier, Wright, Jackie, Dougan, Gordon, Argimón, Silvia, Keane, Jacqueline A, Aanensen, David M, Baker, Stephen and Holt, Kathryn E
(2023)
'Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes'. eLife, Vol 12.
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Abstract
Background:
The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000).
Methods:
This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch.
Results:
Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal ‘sentinel’ surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (≥3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes.
Conclusions:
The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. Funding:: No specific funding was awarded for this meta-analysis. Coordinators were supported by fellowships from the European Union (ZAD received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 845681), the Wellcome Trust (SB, Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (DJI is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant [GNT1195210]).
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Corporate Authors: | Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium Group Authorship |
| Subjects: | WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Enteric Infections > WC 269 Salmonella infections WC Communicable Diseases > Infection. Bacterial Infections > Enteric Infections > WC 270 Typhoid fever |
| Faculty: Department: | Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department Education |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.85867 |
| SWORD Depositor: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Depositing User: | JISC Pubrouter |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Sep 2023 15:06 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Sep 2024 10:51 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/23154 |
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