Early-life gut microbiome associates with positive vaccine take and shedding in neonatal schedule of the human neonatal rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB

Wagner, Josef, Handley, Amanda, Donato, Celeste M., Lyons, Eleanor A., Pavlic, Daniel, Ong, Darren Suryawijaya, Bonnici, Rhian, Bogdanovic-Sakran, Nada, Parker, Edward P. K., Bronowski, Christina, Thobari, Jarir At, Satria, Cahya Dewi, Nirwati, Hera, Witte, Desiree, Jere, Khuzwayo, Mpakiza, Ashley, Watts, Emma, Turner, Ann, Boniface, Karen, Mandolo, Jonathan, Justice, Frances, Bar-Zeev, Naor, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Buttery, Jim P., Cunliffe, Nigel A., Soenarto, Yati and Bines, Julie E. (2025) 'Early-life gut microbiome associates with positive vaccine take and shedding in neonatal schedule of the human neonatal rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB'. Nature Communications, Vol 16, Issue 1, p. 3432.

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Abstract

Rotavirus vaccines are less effective in high mortality regions. A rotavirus vaccine administered at birth may overcome challenges to vaccine uptake posed by a complex gut microbiome. We investigated the association between the microbiome and vaccine responses following RV3-BB vaccine (G3P[6]) administered in a neonatal schedule (dose 1: 0-5 days), or infant schedule (dose 1: 6-8 weeks) in Indonesia (Phase 2b efficacy study) (n = 478 samples/193 infants) (ACTRN12612001282875) and in Malawi (Immunigenicity study) (n = 355 samples/186 infants) (NCT03483116). Vaccine responses assessed using anti-rotavirus IgA seroconversion (IgA), stool shedding of vaccine virus and vaccine take (IgA seroconversion and/or shedding). Here we report, high alpha diversity, beta diversity differences and high abundance of Bacteroides is associated with positive vaccine take and shedding following RV3-BB administered in the neonatal schedule, but not with IgA seroconversion, or in the infant schedule. Higher alpha diversity was associated with shedding after three doses of RV3-BB in the neonatal schedule compared to non-shedders, or the placebo group. High abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus is associated with no shedding in the neonatal schedule group. RV3-BB vaccine administered in a neonatal schedule modulates the early microbiome environment and presents a window of opportunity to optimise protection from rotavirus disease.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	QW Microbiology and Immunology > Immunotherapy and Hypersensitivity > QW 806 Vaccination WY Nursing > WY 157.3 Maternal-child nursing. Neonatal nursing. Perinatal nursing
Faculty: Department:	Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58632-6
SWORD Depositor:	JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User:	JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited:	25 Apr 2025 10:01
Last Modified:	25 Apr 2025 10:01
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/26539

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