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Tagbor, Harry, Cairns, Matthew, Bojang, Kalifa, Coulibaly, Sheick Oumar, Kayentao, Kassoum, Williams, John, Abubakar, Ismaela, Akor, Francis, Mohammed, Khalifa, Bationo, Richard, Dabira, Edgar, Soulama, Alamissa, Djimdé, Moussa, Guirou, Etienne, Awine, Timothy, Quaye, Stephen, Njie, Fanta, Ordi, Jaume, Doumbo, Ogobara, Hodgson, Abraham, Oduro, Abraham, Meshnick, Steven, Taylor, Steve, Magnussen, Pascal, terKuile, Feiko 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-5617, Woukeu, Arouna, Milligan, Paul, Chandramohan, Daniel and Greenwood, Brian
(2015)
'A Non-Inferiority, Individually Randomized Trial of Intermittent Screening and Treatment versus Intermittent Preventive Treatment in the Control of Malaria in Pregnancy'. PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Issue 8, e0132247.
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Plos_ONE_10_8_e0132247.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background
The efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in pregnancy is threatened in parts of Africa by the emergence and spread of resistance to SP. Intermittent screening with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and treatment of positive women (ISTp) is an alternative approach.
Methods and Findings
An open, individually randomized, non-inferiority trial of IPTp-SP versus ISTp was conducted in 5,354 primi- or secundigravidae in four West African countries with a low prevalence of resistance to SP (The Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana). Women in the IPTp-SP group received SP on two or three occasions whilst women in the ISTp group were screened two or three times with a RDT and treated if positive for malaria with artemether-lumefantrine (AL). ISTp-AL was non-inferior to IPTp-SP in preventing low birth weight (LBW), anemia and placental malaria, the primary trial endpoints. The prevalence of LBW was 15.1% and 15.6% in the IPTp-SP and ISTp-AL groups respectively (OR = 1.03 [95% CI: 0.88, 1.22]). The mean hemoglobin concentration at the last clinic attendance before delivery was 10.97g/dL and 10.94g/dL in the IPTp-SP and ISTp-AL groups respectively (mean difference: -0.03 g/dL [95% CI: -0.13, +0.06]). Active malaria infection of the placenta was found in 24.5% and in 24.2% of women in the IPTp-SP and ISTp-AL groups respectively (OR = 0.95 [95% CI 0.81, 1.12]). More women in the ISTp-AL than in the IPTp-SP group presented with malaria parasitemia between routine antenatal clinics (310 vs 182 episodes, rate difference: 49.4 per 1,000 pregnancies [95% CI 30.5, 68.3], but the number of hospital admissions for malaria was similar in the two groups.
Conclusions
Despite low levels of resistance to SP in the study areas, ISTp-AL performed as well as IPTp-SP. In the absence of an effective alternative medication to SP for IPTp, ISTp-AL is a potential alternative to IPTp in areas where SP resistance is high. It may also have a role in areas where malaria transmission is low and for the prevention of malaria in HIV positive women receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in whom SP is contraindicated.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WA Public Health > Preventive Medicine > WA 110 Prevention and control of communicable diseases. Transmission of infectious diseases WA Public Health > Health Problems of Special Population Groups > WA 310 Maternal welfare WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 750 Malaria WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 765 Prevention and control WQ Obstetrics > Pregnancy > WQ 200 General works |
| Faculty: Department: | Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132247 |
| Depositing User: | Lynn Roberts-Maloney |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Sep 2015 12:55 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Feb 2018 13:10 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/5330 |
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