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Foster, Geraldine 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-4349, Coleman, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-3526, Thomsen, Edward ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-6430, Ranson, Hilary ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-8247, Yangalbé-Kalnone, Elise, Moundai, Tchomfienet, Demba Kodindo, Israel, Nakebang, Amen, Mahamat, Adoum, Peka, Mallaye and Kerah-Hinzoumbé, Clement
(2016)
'Spatial and Temporal Trends in Insecticide Resistance among Malaria Vectors in Chad Highlight the Importance of Continual Monitoring.'. PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Issue 5, e0155746.
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PLoS_One_11_5_e0155746_Spatial and temporal trends in insecticide resistance.PDF - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A longitudinal Anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in Chad 2008-2010. When this programme ended, only sporadic bioassays were performed in a small number of sites.
METHODS
WHO diagnostic dose assays were used to measure the prevalence of insecticide resistance to 0.1% bendiocarb, 4% DDT, 0.05% deltamethrin, 1% fenitrothion, and 0.75% permethrin in the main malaria vectors at the beginning and end of the malaria transmission season for three years 2008-2010, with subsequent collections in 2011 and 2014. Species and molecular identification of An. gambiae M and S forms and kdr genotyping was performed using PCR-RLFP; circumsporozoite status was assessed using ELISA.
RESULTS
Between 2008 and 2010, significant changes in insecticide resistance profiles to deltamethrin and permethrin were seen in 2 of the sites. No significant changes were seen in resistance to DDT in any site during the study period. Testing performed after the period of routine monitoring had ended showed dramatic increases to DDT and pyrethroid resistance in 3 sites. No resistance to organophosphate or carbamate insecticides was detected. An. arabiensis was the predominate member of the An. gambiae complex in all 4 sites; adult collections showed temporal variation in species composition in only 1 site. Kdr analysis identified both 1014F and 1014S alleles in An. gambiae S only. Circumsporozoite analysis showed the highest vector infection rates were present in Donia, a site with extensive use of agricultural insecticides.
CONCLUSIONS
During the monitoring gap of four years, significant changes occurred in resistance prevalence in 3 of the 4 sites (p = <0.001), endangering the efficacy of currently implemented malaria control interventions. Significant changes in insecticide resistance profiles and a lack of kdr resistance alleles in adult populations highlight the urgent need for comprehensive entomological monitoring to be implemented and sustained in country.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 600 Insect control. Tick control WA Public Health > Preventive Medicine > WA 110 Prevention and control of communicable diseases. Transmission of infectious diseases WA Public Health > Preventive Medicine > WA 240 Disinfection. Disinfestation. Pesticides (including diseases caused by) WC Communicable Diseases > Tropical and Parasitic Diseases > WC 765 Prevention and control |
| Faculty: Department: | Biological Sciences > Vector Biology Department |
| Digital Object Identifer (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155746 |
| Depositing User: | Jessica Jones |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Jun 2016 08:31 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Aug 2019 17:06 |
| URI: | https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/5907 |
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