Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish intake and risk of age-related macular degeneration

Jiang, Hong, Shi, Xin, Fan, Yahui, Wang, Duolao ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-2464, Li, Baoyu, Zhou, Jin, Pei, Cheng and Ma, Le (2021) 'Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish intake and risk of age-related macular degeneration'. Clinical Nutrition, Vol 40, Issue 12, pp. 5662-5673.

Text Dietary omega-3...macular degeneration - DWang.docx - Accepted Version Download (1MB)

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Epidemiologic studies are inconsistent regarding the association of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and/or fish intake with risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence and progression. The objective was to determine these associations by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies.
METHODS
Three electronic databases were searched for studies that quantified dietary omega-3 PUFA and/or fish intake from inception to December 2020 without language restriction. Three investigators independently assessed for inclusion and extracted data. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using random-effects model. Potential dose-response associations were explored with the use of generalized least-squares trend estimation.
RESULTS
21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Higher dietary intakes of omega-3 PUFA was significantly associated with 14% (relative risk [RR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.96) and 29% (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.91) lower risk of early and late AMD, respectively. The dose-response analysis showed a 6% and 22% decrease in the risk of early and late AMD for each additional 1  g/d omega-3 PUFA intake. For individual omega-3 PUFA, the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was inversely associated with lower AMD risk, whereas no association was found for the alpha-linolenic acid. Consistent inverse associations were also found between fish intake and AMD. The pooled RRs comparing extreme categories of fish intake were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.90) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.85) for early and late AMD risk, respectively. Every 15 g/d of fish consumption was associated with 13% and 14% lower early and late AMD. In addition, fish intake was associated with a significantly reduced risk of AMD progression (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.00).
CONCLUSIONS
A high intake of dietary omega-3 PUFA or fish was associated with a reduced risk of developing of AMD, which further supports that consumption of omega-3 PUFA-rich foods may be a new avenue nutritional approach to preventing AMD.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	WW Ophthalmology > Eye > Anatomy. Physiology. Hygiene > WW 101 Anatomy. Histology. Embryology. Biochemistry. Abnormalities WW Ophthalmology > Diseases. Color Perception > WW 140 Eye diseases WW Ophthalmology > Eye Structures and their Diseases > WW 270 Retina
Faculty: Department:	Clinical Sciences & International Health > Clinical Sciences Department
Digital Object Identifer (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.005
Depositing User:	Julie Franco
Date Deposited:	30 Nov 2021 15:43
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2022 01:02
URI:	https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/19542

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