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The RNA interference response to alphanodavirus replication in Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly cells

Alexander, Akira J. T., Parry, Rhys H., Ratinier, Maxime, Arnaud, Frédérick and Kohl, Alain (2024) 'The RNA interference response to alphanodavirus replication in Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly cells'. Insect Molecular Biology, Vol 33, Issue 6, pp. 687-696.

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Abstract

In this study, we identified and assembled a strain of American nodavirus (ANV) in the Phlebotomus papatasi‐derived PP9ad cell line. This strain most closely resembles Flock House virus and ANV identified in the Drosophila melanogaster S2/S2R cell line. Through small RNA sequencing and analysis, we demonstrate that ANV replication in PP9ad cells is primarily targeted by the exogenous small interfering RNA (exo‐siRNA) pathway, with minimal engagement from the PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway. In mosquitoes such as Aedes and Culex, the PIWI pathway is expanded and specialised, which actively limits virus replication. This is unlike in Drosophila spp., where the piRNA pathway does not restrict viral replication. In Lutzomyia sandflies (family Psychodidae), close relatives of Phlebotomus species and Drosophila, there appears to be an absence of virus‐derived piRNAs. To investigate whether this absence is due to a lack of PIWI pathway proteins, we analysed the piRNA and siRNA diversity and repertoire in PP9ad cells. Previous assemblies of P. papatasi genome (Ppap_1.0) have revealed a patchy repertoire of the siRNA and piRNA pathways. Our analysis of the updated P. papatasi genome (Ppap_2.1) has shown no PIWI protein expansion in sandflies. We found that both siRNA and piRNA pathways are transcriptionally active in PP9ad cells, with genomic mapping of small RNAs generating typical piRNA signatures. Our results suggest that the piRNA pathway may not respond to virus replication in these cells, but an antiviral response is mounted via the exo‐siRNA pathway.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: QU Biochemistry > Cells and Genetics > QU 350 Cellular structures
QU Biochemistry > Proteins. Amino Acids. Peptides > QU 58.7 RNA
QX Parasitology > Insects. Other Parasites > QX 505 Diptera
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Item titleItem URI
Dataset for 'The RNA interference response to alphanodavirus replication in Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly cells'https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/24826
Faculty: Department: Biological Sciences > Department of Tropical Disease Biology
Digital Object Identifer (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12932
SWORD Depositor: JISC Pubrouter
Depositing User: JISC Pubrouter
Date Deposited: 11 Jun 2024 14:27
Last Modified: 13 Nov 2024 15:45
URI: https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/id/eprint/24707

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